What is PCNL surgery?
Currently, it is the most important surgery in the world to remove large kidney stones, during which the kidney is entered through one or more small incisions in the side and the stones are crushed and removed.

Which patients is this surgery suitable for?
Kidney stones larger than 2 centimeters
Stones under 2 centimeters resistant to lithotripsy (ESWL)
Stones larger than one centimeter at the beginning of the ureter

What is the success rate of this surgery in completely clearing the kidney?
On average, it is 90 to 95 percent.

Describe the complications of this surgery?
Bleeding, infection, damage to organs adjacent to the kidney, complications related to anesthesia

How long is the recovery period for this surgery?
It is necessary to avoid any strenuous activity for 2 weeks, but light work can be started after a few days.

Is an internal stent placed during the surgery? Yes, in most cases, a double-G or internal stent is placed and removed after the kidney is completely repaired (usually one month).

Are the stones removed during surgery or are they just crushed and the patient has to pass them over time? No, the stones are completely crushed and removed.

How long is the patient hospitalized? Usually 24 to 48 hours, unless fever, bleeding, or a specific complication occurs.

Does this surgery require anesthesia? Yes, it can be performed with general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.

Is a catheter needed after the surgery? Yes, a catheter is placed about 6 to 24 hours after the surgery.

How long does the surgery take? Approximately 1.5 to 2 hours